我國境外投資連續(xù)13年快速增長，中資企業(yè)在海外不斷做大做強，海外利益規(guī)模迅速拓展。于此同時，我國海外單體項目的金額也呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的態(tài)勢，大額單體項目的外部性凸顯，作為利益結構中重要的一方，其敏感性也與日俱增，安全風險逐漸成為我國“走出去”企業(yè)的懸頂之劍。此外，我國企業(yè)海外投資也從簡單的小型項目承包逐漸轉變成總承包商，安全管理能力也成為中資企業(yè)必須修煉的“內功”。

在當前環(huán)境中，中資企業(yè)作為境外安保第一責任人須積極應對安保難題，建立能夠做到事前有方法能預測、事中有手段能處理、事后有策略能減損，建立包括集團高層安全擔當、安全預算、安全組織和制度、風險評估、安防設施、安全培訓、安全信息管理與安全預警、安全事件應對能力、安全事件善后與減損，以及安全軟環(huán)境建設等諸方面的“大安保體系”，提升自身事前預測能力，事中應對能力以及事后處置和減損能力。

一、集團高層安全擔當

安全事件的影響可能波及整個組織。一旦公司員工有“不安全感”，或者公司商業(yè)機密泄露、公司人員和物資受到襲擊，都有可能致使公司業(yè)務中斷、形象受損、遭受巨大人員傷亡或財產損失。所以，集團董事會和管理高層對安全事務的觀念和看法至關重要，集團高層應統(tǒng)一意志，并直接介入公司的安全治理，建立公司安全文化，這有利于公司在緊急事件中的迅速恢復。

二、安全預算

安全預算到底應該占項目預算多大比重，并沒有統(tǒng)一的標準。決定安全預算的要素包括項目位置、地區(qū)犯罪情況、外國公司和員工威脅情況、該地區(qū)金融穩(wěn)定程度、政治穩(wěn)定程度、衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療情況、基礎設施和公共服務可獲得性等。公司需結合風險評估對各要素有一定的認識，設計與公司運營相匹配的安全預算規(guī)模。

三、安全組織和制度建設

高效率安全管理離不開組織和制度方面的建設，需要達到以下標準。

1.組織完整。由于安全涉及大量的協(xié)調和組織，而人是協(xié)調、組織和應對安全事件的核心，所以必須建立完整的安全組織，保證職能體系合理且完整、人員授權明確以及特殊情況下人員替補體系完整。

2.安全政策體系完善。安全政策體系是減緩安全風險非常重要的一環(huán)，需融入公司的日常管理。安全政策體系應該是一個綜合體系，包括集團層級制定的安全綱要和原則、集團在地區(qū)級別和國家級別制定的安全政策、基于風險評估制定的項目特定安全措施以及完整的安全事件預案體系。

3.匯報體系清晰。并非所有的安全事件和狀態(tài)都需要最高領導層知曉，減少安全信息在集團高層的堆積是匯報體系保持高效運轉的基本原則之一。為此，需要規(guī)劃合理的匯報體系，明確什么問題需要在什么層級解決。

四、風險評估

風險評估是企業(yè)做出是否進入某地區(qū)的重要依據之一，是項目成本的重要組成部分，也是提出項目安全組織、制度和措施的基礎。企業(yè)需全面評估對各類風險的脆弱性，以及這些風險發(fā)生的可能性，利用國際成熟的風險評估模型定性、定量地評估自身風險。

很多組織和咨詢公司都提供國家層面的風險評估，中信保每年也會發(fā)布國家風險評估報告。這些風險評估一般以國家政治、社會指標以及犯罪、恐怖襲擊等安全指標構成，能夠讓人們快速了解某一國家的整體安全水平。但需要指出的是，“國家層面”的風險很容易評測，但是僅對這一層級的風險進行評估遠遠不夠。對于海外中資企業(yè)來講，尤其是在海外有大型項目的中資企業(yè)，風險評估一定要精準細致，并進行一定的情境預演。由于企業(yè)在不同的地區(qū)涉足不同行業(yè)，以不同的方式在駐在國經營，其他機構所“認定”的風險并不必然是自己要面對的風險。風險評估不僅要對全球和地區(qū)的安全形勢有一定把握，對當地的整體安全情況有一定認知，也需要對項目所在地的具體政治關系（包括種族關系、宗教關系、地方和中央政府的關系）等進行評估，對項目所在地的治安、社會環(huán)境進行評估，對行業(yè)以及自身項目的政治敏感性進行評估等等，盡可能明確所有利益攸關方的相關情況，并對可能出現(xiàn)的事件進行情境推演，明確相關利益結構和可能的沖突發(fā)展方向。

五、安防設施

安防設備是安保的重要組成部分，主要包括圍墻、門禁、車輛及人員檢查系統(tǒng)、防沖撞設施、閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、防盜報警系統(tǒng)、對講系統(tǒng)、應急門、哨塔、掩體設施等，不同級別的安保對應的安防體系也不同。云計算、物聯(lián)網、大數據等手段的出現(xiàn)，使得智慧安防體系成為可能。智慧安防技術集監(jiān)控、測算、控制、處理等功能為一體，與具備指揮調度、檢查督查、信息研判、防范控制和應急管理等職能的指揮中心相結合，可極大提高安保效率和能力。

六、安全培訓

公司內部的安全培訓需要包括：個人保護；緊急狀態(tài)反應；急救操作；信息安全實踐；公司安全事件匯報程序；公司可疑事件匯報程序。當員工差旅或者被派遣至其他地區(qū)時，需要接受更嚴格的差旅安全培訓。而當員工差旅地或派遣地安全風險很高時，安全培訓必須包括：派遣地和差旅地安全環(huán)境認知；特殊情境下駕駛技術；更深入的醫(yī)療培訓；語言培訓；防身技術；情景式緊急狀況應對；安全感知能力訓練。

七、安全信息管理與安全預警

安全信息管理和預警是安保決策的重要依據和有效應對的重要前提。一般而言，安全信息來源非常多元，需要利用現(xiàn)代化技術集成管理。常見的安全信息包括公司發(fā)生的安全事件、公司監(jiān)控設備收集到的信息、公司本地員工提供的安全信息、公司利益攸關方提供的安全信息、公司從自身社會途徑獲取的安全信息以及公司從駐外使領館、新聞媒體、國際機構等獲取的信息。信息源不同，安全信息涉及的方面也各不一樣，其價值和權威性也不同，不僅需要建立完善的收集系統(tǒng)自動化管理，同時需要對信息進行價值、權威性、威脅程度等方面的評估處理。

基于安全信息管理技術，對公司進行不同級別的安全預警。各個公司承受安全風險的能力不同，應對方式也不盡一致，需結合自身情況制定合理的標準。

八、安全事件應對能力

有條件的中資公司可以通過雇傭安保公司等外部力量提升自身安全事件處置能力。比如海外大型中資企業(yè)通常采取我國駐外使領館+當地軍警+安保企業(yè)+兄弟單位綜合的安全應對系統(tǒng)。一般而言，選用安保企業(yè)時，需注意兩個方面：安保企業(yè)的國際化和屬地化。

國際化的安保企業(yè)跨文化、跨語言執(zhí)行能力較強，安保經驗和技術水平比較突出，具有較高的國際化視野和國際合作水平。 

缺乏本地安保力量，將加大企業(yè)融入當地社會的難度。相反，屬地化的安保力量可以較快幫助企業(yè)搭建當地的網絡，迅速融入當地的社會環(huán)境和風俗文化，且可以有較好的網絡和能力處置可能發(fā)生的安全事件。

此外，小型中資機構可考慮與當地大型中資公司結成合作伙伴，借助大型中資企業(yè)的安保力量；組建或加入當地中資企業(yè)“聯(lián)防聯(lián)守”安全網絡，提升自身安保能力。

九、安全事件善后與減損

即使成熟的安保體系也難以100%阻止安全事件的發(fā)生，事件善后與減損也是安全保障體系的重要組成部分。安全事件若造成人員傷亡，或者在應對過程中給第三方帶來附帶傷亡，需要妥善處置善后事宜，包括心理撫慰、醫(yī)療救助與補償等。保險是事后減損的重要措施。若安全事件造成人員傷亡或資產損失，應迅速整理證據，協(xié)調保險公司的理賠事宜。若安全事件較嚴重，對資產和人員造成較大損失，則需緊急啟動公司業(yè)務不中斷預案，在保證安全的情況下，將公司可能損失降低到最少。最后，安全事件的發(fā)生，需安全部門積極分析和反思安全漏洞，改進現(xiàn)有安保體系和方案。

十、安全軟環(huán)境建設

安全軟環(huán)境建設是企業(yè)降低安全風險的重要途徑之一。企業(yè)積極承擔社會責任，建設有利的安全軟環(huán)境，可以提升或改善公司的形象，得到當地政府、公民社會和國際組織的認可；使當地政府和民眾受益，當地政府和民眾可能在危險時刻提供一定的安全保障和援助。

但并非所有的社會責任活動都取得了良好效果。如何使社會責任保持在企業(yè)可承受范圍之內以及如何防止社會公益活動成為當地新的沖突源，是企業(yè)需要研究的重要課題。

順應時代要求，中資企業(yè)提升安保能力，不僅有利于自身利益的保障，而且將大大提高中資企業(yè)的國際競爭力。隨著中國企業(yè)做大做強，逐漸進入設計、監(jiān)理等傳統(tǒng)歐美國家企業(yè)承擔的高端業(yè)務，成為EPC總承包商或項目投資方，解決好安保問題不僅是對中資企業(yè)的必然要求，也將進一步提升中資企業(yè)的綜合競爭力。

北京銀盾安保集團武裝護航簡介

2014年北京銀盾安保集團海上武裝護航業(yè)務的開展，開創(chuàng)了中國武裝保安為中國遠洋船舶護航的新篇章，成為國內首批獨立承攬武裝護航業(yè)務的企業(yè)之一，迫使西方海上安保企業(yè)降低護航費用，為中國遠洋公司節(jié)省了大量成本支出。

北京銀盾安保集團護航隊員來自海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊、陸軍特種部隊、武警特警部隊的優(yōu)秀退伍士兵，通過嚴格培訓取得了護航相關證件，具備獨立完成護航任務的資質和能力，以高度的忠誠、嚴格的紀律、過硬的素質、優(yōu)質的服務得到國內外客戶一致認可，受到船員的高度贊譽。

北京銀盾安保集團海事在印度洋各重要中轉港口設立了基地和辦事機構，為船舶提供各種靠港服務，隨時為船舶補充食品、淡水、油料等急需物資；

北京調度中心隨時為護航船舶提供準確的防海盜安全形勢分析和區(qū)域氣象水文資料；安全風險評估中心可為客戶提供相關國家和區(qū)域的安全信息，為中國赴海外客戶提供正確、科學的安全風險評估報告和中、英、德等語種的信息支持，并根據客戶需要制訂危機處置方案。

公司還創(chuàng)辦了《防海盜信息月報》、《信息周報》，為客戶提供及時可靠的信息支援。北京銀盾安保集團海事是私營保安公司國際行為準則協(xié)會（ICoCA）及海運保安工業(yè)協(xié)會（SAMI）的首批中國會員，是首家通過英國勞氏集團ISO/PAS 28000/28007體系認證的中國企業(yè)。

北京銀盾安保集團保安海外安保業(yè)務的開展，標志著中國武裝保安正式走出國門，并在國際安保領域樹立了銀盾海保的品牌，樹立了中國武裝保安的品牌！

除了安保、守衛(wèi)、設備租賃、海上武裝護航等，北京銀盾安保集團還開展了海外培訓等相關服務。

北京銀盾安保集團武裝押運事業(yè)部專門從事武裝押運的保安服務企業(yè)，具有一流的裝備和管理體系，是目前國內企業(yè)規(guī)模最大、綜合實力最強、技術水平最高的專業(yè)保安押運服務企業(yè)之一，主要業(yè)務包括特種貨物運輸服務；守衛(wèi)服務；安全信息咨詢；技術培訓；有價證券、貴重物品押運等。

銀盾安保集團全文英文翻譯

China's overseas investment has grown rapidly for 13 consecutive years, Chinese enterprises have been growing larger and stronger overseas, and the scale of overseas interests has expanded rapidly. At the same time, the amount of overseas monomer projects in China is also showing a growing trend, and the externalities of large monomer projects are highlighted. As an important part of the interest structure, its sensitivity is also growing day by day, and security risks are gradually becoming the top hanging sword of China's "going global" enterprises. In addition, the overseas investment of Chinese enterprises has gradually changed from simple small project contracting to general contractor, and the safety management ability has become the "internal skill" that Chinese enterprises must cultivate.

In the current environment, Chinese funded enterprises, as the first responsible person for overseas security, must actively respond to security problems, establish a way to predict in advance, deal with in the process, and mitigate losses after the event, including the group's senior security responsibility, security budget, security organization and system, risk assessment, security facilities, security training, security information management and early warning, security incident response capabilities The "big security system" in terms of the aftermath and mitigation of security incidents, as well as the construction of a safe soft environment, has improved its ability to predict in advance, cope in the event, and deal with and mitigate losses afterwards.

1、 Senior Security Officer of the Group

The impact of security incidents may affect the entire organization. Once the company's employees have a "sense of insecurity", or the company's trade secrets are leaked, and the company's personnel and materials are attacked, the company's business may be interrupted, its image may be damaged, and it may suffer huge casualties or property losses. Therefore, the board of directors and senior management of the Group have very important ideas and views on security affairs. The senior management of the Group should unify their will, directly intervene in the company's security governance, and establish the company's security culture, which is conducive to the rapid recovery of the company in emergencies.

2、 Security budget

There is no uniform standard for how much the safety budget should account for the project budget. The factors determining the security budget include project location, regional crime, threats from foreign companies and employees, financial stability, political stability, health care, infrastructure and public service availability in the region. The company needs to have a certain understanding of each element in combination with the risk assessment, and design a safety budget scale that matches the company's operation.

3、 Safety organization and system construction

Efficient safety management is inseparable from the construction of organization and system, and the following standards need to be met.

1. The organization is complete. Since security involves a lot of coordination and organization, and people are the core of coordination, organization and response to security incidents, a complete security organization must be established to ensure that the functional system is reasonable and complete, the personnel authorization is clear, and the personnel replacement system is complete under special circumstances.

2. The security policy system is perfect. The security policy system is a very important part of mitigating security risks and needs to be integrated into the company's daily management. The security policy system should be a comprehensive system, including the security outline and principles formulated at the group level, the security policies formulated by the group at the regional and national levels, the project specific security measures formulated based on risk assessment, and the complete security incident plan system.

3. The reporting system is clear. Not all security incidents and states need to be known by the top leadership. Reducing the accumulation of security information at the top of the Group is one of the basic principles for the reporting system to maintain efficient operation. To this end, it is necessary to plan a reasonable reporting system and define what problems need to be solved at what level.

4、 Risk assessment

Risk assessment is one of the important bases for enterprises to decide whether to enter a certain area, an important part of project cost, and the basis for proposing project safety organizations, systems and measures. Enterprises need to comprehensively assess their vulnerability to various risks and the possibility of these risks, and use internationally mature risk assessment models to qualitatively and quantitatively assess their own risks.

Many organizations and consulting companies provide risk assessment at the national level, and China Export&Credit Insurance Corporation will issue a national risk assessment report every year. These risk assessments are generally composed of national political and social indicators as well as security indicators such as crime and terrorist attacks, which can help people quickly understand the overall security level of a country. However, it should be noted that the risks at the "national level" are easy to assess, but it is far from enough to assess the risks at this level only. For overseas Chinese enterprises, especially those with large overseas projects, the risk assessment must be accurate and detailed, and a certain scenario rehearsal must be carried out. As enterprises set foot in different industries in different regions and operate in different ways in the host country, the risks "identified" by other institutions are not necessarily the risks they have to face. The risk assessment should not only have a certain grasp of the global and regional security situation, but also have a certain understanding of the overall local security situation. It also needs to assess the specific political relations (including ethnic relations, religious relations, local and central government relations) of the project location, assess the security and social environment of the project location, and assess the political sensitivity of the industry and its own projects, Make clear the relevant situation of all stakeholders as much as possible, and deduce the situation of possible events, so as to clarify the relevant interest structure and the possible direction of conflict development.

5、 Security facilities

Security equipment is an important part of security, mainly including fence, access control, vehicle and personnel inspection system, anti-collision facilities, closed-circuit monitoring system, anti-theft alarm system, intercom system, emergency gate, sentry tower, bunker facilities, etc. Security systems corresponding to different levels of security are also different. The emergence of cloud computing, the Internet of Things, big data and other means makes the intelligent security system possible. Smart security technology integrates monitoring, measurement, control, processing and other functions, and combines with the command center with command and dispatching, inspection and supervision, information research and judgment, prevention and control, emergency management and other functions, which can greatly improve security efficiency and capability.

6、 Safety training

The company's internal safety training needs include: personal protection; Emergency response; First aid operation; Information security practices; The company's safety incident reporting procedure; The company's suspicious event reporting procedure. When employees travel or are dispatched to other regions, they need to receive stricter travel safety training. When the safety risks of the places where employees travel or are dispatched are high, the safety training must include: the safety environment awareness of the places where employees travel or are dispatched; Driving skills in special situations; More in-depth medical training; Language training; Self defense technology; Situational emergency response; Safety awareness training.

7、 Safety information management and safety early warning

Safety information management and early warning are important basis for security decision-making and important premise for effective response. Generally speaking, the sources of safety information are very diverse, which requires the use of modern technology for integrated management. Common security information includes security incidents occurred in the company, information collected by the company's monitoring equipment, security information provided by the company's local employees, security information provided by the company's stakeholders, security information obtained by the company from its own social channels, and information obtained by the company from embassies and consulates abroad, news media, international institutions, etc. With different information sources, security information involves different aspects, and its value and authority are also different. It is not only necessary to establish a perfect collection system for automatic management, but also to evaluate and process the information in terms of value, authority, threat level, etc.

Based on the security information management technology, the company is warned of security at different levels. Each company has different ability to bear security risks and different coping styles, so it is necessary to formulate reasonable standards based on its own conditions.

8、 Security incident response capability

Conditional Chinese companies can improve their ability to deal with security incidents by employing external forces such as security companies. For example, large overseas Chinese enterprises usually adopt a comprehensive security response system consisting of Chinese embassies and consulates stationed abroad, local military police, security enterprises and sister units. Generally speaking, when selecting security enterprises, two aspects should be paid attention to: internationalization and localization of security enterprises.

Internationalized security enterprises have strong cross-cultural and cross language implementation capabilities, outstanding security experience and technical level, and a high international vision and international cooperation level.

Lack of local security forces will make it more difficult for enterprises to integrate into local society. On the contrary, localized security forces can quickly help enterprises build local networks, quickly integrate into the local social environment and customs and culture, and have a better network and ability to deal with possible security incidents.

In addition, small Chinese funded institutions can consider forming partnerships with large local Chinese funded companies, with the help of the security forces of large Chinese funded enterprises; Establish or join the "joint defense and defense" security network of local Chinese enterprises to improve their security capabilities.

9、 Rehabilitation and impairment of security incidents

Even a mature security system can hardly prevent the occurrence of security incidents 100%, and the aftermath and impairment of incidents are also an important part of the security system. If a security incident causes casualties or incidental casualties to a third party in the response process, it is necessary to properly handle the aftermath, including psychological comfort, medical assistance and compensation. Insurance is an important measure to reduce loss afterwards. In case of casualties or asset losses caused by security incidents, the evidence shall be promptly sorted out and the insurance company's claim settlement shall be coordinated. If the security incident is serious and causes great losses to assets and personnel, it is necessary to start the company's business uninterrupted plan urgently to minimize the company's possible losses under the premise of ensuring safety. Finally, the occurrence of security incidents requires the security department to actively analyze and reflect on security vulnerabilities and improve the existing security system and programs.

10、 Safe soft environment construction

The construction of safe soft environment is one of the important ways for enterprises to reduce safety risks. Enterprises actively assume social responsibility and build a favorable safe soft environment, which can enhance or improve the company's image and be recognized by local governments, civil society and international organizations; It will benefit the local government and people, who may provide certain security guarantees and assistance at dangerous times.

But not all social responsibility activities have achieved good results. How to keep social responsibility within the enterprise's affordable range and how to prevent social public welfare activities from becoming a new source of conflict are important topics for enterprises to study.

Conforming to the requirements of the times, upgrading the security capability of Chinese enterprises will not only help protect their own interests, but also greatly improve the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. As Chinese enterprises become bigger and stronger, they gradually enter the high-end business undertaken by traditional European and American enterprises, such as design and supervision, and become EPC general contractors or project investors. Solving the security problem is not only an inevitable requirement for Chinese enterprises, but also will further enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.

Introduction to Armed Escort of Beijing Yindun Security Group

In 2014, Beijing Yindun Security Group launched its armed escort business at sea, which created a new chapter for Chinese armed security guards to escort Chinese ocean going ships, and became one of the first domestic enterprises to independently undertake armed escort business, forcing western maritime security companies to reduce escort costs, saving Chinese ocean going companies a lot of costs.

The escorts of Beijing Yindun Security Group are excellent ex servicemen from the Marine Corps, the Army Special Forces and the Armed Police Special Police Force. They have obtained escort related certificates through strict training, have the qualification and ability to independently complete escort tasks, and have been unanimously recognized by customers at home and abroad with a high degree of loyalty, strict discipline, excellent quality and high-quality service, and are highly praised by the crew.

Beijing Yindun Security Group Maritime has set up bases and offices at various important transit ports in the Indian Ocean to provide ships with various port berthing services and replenish ships with food, fresh water, oil and other urgently needed materials at any time;

Beijing Dispatching Center shall provide accurate anti piracy security situation analysis and regional meteorological and hydrological data for escort ships at any time; The Security Risk Assessment Center can provide customers with relevant national and regional security information, provide Chinese overseas customers with correct and scientific security risk assessment reports and information support in Chinese, English, German and other languages, and formulate crisis disposal plans according to customer needs.

The company also established Anti Piracy Information Monthly and Information Weekly to provide timely and reliable information support for customers. Beijing Yindun Security Group Maritime is the first Chinese member of the International Code of Conduct Association (ICoCA) of private security companies and the Maritime Security Industry Association (SAMI), and the first Chinese enterprise to pass the ISO/PAS 28000/28007 system certification of Lloyd's Group.

The development of security overseas security business of Beijing Yindun Security Group marks that China's armed security has officially gone abroad, and has established the brand of Yindun Haibao in the international security field, as well as the brand of China's armed security!

In addition to security, guard, equipment leasing, maritime armed escort, etc., Beijing Yindun Security Group also carried out overseas training and other related services.

The Armed Escort Business Department of Beijing Yindun Security Group is a security service enterprise specializing in armed escort. With first-class equipment and management system, it is one of the professional security escort service enterprises with the largest scale, the strongest comprehensive strength and the highest technical level in China. Its main business includes special cargo transportation services; Guard service; Safety information consultation; Technical training; Escort of securities, valuables, etc.